In-situ Formation of Light-Absorbing Organic Matter in Cloud Water   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

A. Gelencsér  A. Hoffer  G. Kiss  E. Tombácz  R. Kurdi  L. Bencze 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》2003,45(1):25-33

Current climate models seem to underestimate the flux of solar energy absorbed by the global troposphere. All of these models are constrained with the assumption that cloud droplets consist of pure water. Here we demonstrate in a simple laboratory experiment that aromatic hydroxy-acids which are found in continental fine aerosol can react with hydroxyl radicals under typical conditions prevalent in cloud water influenced by biomass burning. The reactions yield colored organic species which do absorb solar radiation. We also suggest that the products of such reactions may be humic-like substances whose presence in continental aerosol has been confirmed but their source mechanisms are still much sought after. We also attempt to give a first order estimate of the enhancement of water absorption at a visible wavelength under atmospheric conditions.  相似文献   

广西前汛期冷锋云系中尺度对流云团卫星云图特征分析     

林宗桂  林开平  陈翠敏 《气象研究与应用》2003,24(3):1-5

通过对1994～2002年间9次由冷锋云系中尺度对流云团分析,发现广西前汛期冷锋云系中尺度对流云团的源地主要是黔西南和黔中;移动方向是东或东南;当环境云场强度指数≥28有利对流云团的发展,≤26时不利对流云团的发展;初步研究了中尺度对流云团生命史不同阶段的卫星云图形态特征,给出了中尺度对流云团降水的时空分布特征。  相似文献   

典型带状云系强降雨过程卫星云图演变特征分析     

林宗桂  林开平  陈翠敏  周惠文 《气象研究与应用》2003,24(4):11-16

通过对两个典型的带状云系的强降水过程的卫星云图进行定量分析,初步验证了可以用云带0℃边界反映冷高压和副高的活动态势,揭示了降雨强度与云带强度指数及TBB面积指数有很好的对应关系。同时,还研究了暴雨落区与对流云团活动范围的关系,强降水时段与对流云团的发展阶段的对应关系。  相似文献   

Model studies on the effect of nitric acid vapour on cirrus cloud activation     

Jukka Hienola  Markku Kulmala  Ari Laaksonen 《Atmospheric Research》2003,65(3-4):235-250

The effect of elevated nitric acid concentrations on cloud particle number concentrations and sizes of mixed phase cirrus cloud (containing both supercooled liquid and frozen ice particles) is studied using a detailed multicomponent condensation model. Our model calculations suggest that high nitric acid volume mixing ratios (VMRs), corresponding to upper tropospheric measurements, can increase the ice crystal number concentrations substantially especially in the case of freezing of non-activated solution droplets (as opposed to freezing of supercooled cloud droplets). This is due to increased droplet sizes caused by nitric acid absorption and the resulting uptake of water.  相似文献   

CHARACTERISTICS OF LARGE PULSES OF RADIATED FIELDS FROM CLOUD FLASH DISCHARGES   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

祝宝友  陶善昌 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》1997,(3)

Observations show that the sequences of microsecond-scale pulses are produced in cloud flashdischarge processes.In the present work we report on measurements of larger bipolar pulses(LBP)of the radiation fields which are classified into four types according to their waveshapes andpolarities of initial peak.Either positive or negative pulse contains two kinds of waveshapes:onewith a smooth rise and the other with 2 or 3 fast-rising pulse superimposed on the initial half cycle.The pulse waveshape characteristics in both time and frequency domains are as follows.Among2908 samples there are 45% of the positive polarity and 55% of the negative polarity.The positivepulses tend to have distinctly smaller values than negative pulses in rise time,half width and zero-crossing time of the initial peak.The peaks of positive pulse spectra tend to occur at a higherfrequency than those of negative pulses.Despite differences above,positive and negative pulseshave a similar total duration.  相似文献   

单块积云降水参数的直接估算          下载免费PDF全文

王治平  刘耀宗 《气象》1997,23(6):49-52

介绍了单块积云的雷达回波参数与降雨参数的一元、二元回归分析分析结果表明，单块积云的降雨量、雨强和持续时间与雷达皮的顶高、面积的相关性较好。  相似文献   

“96·8”河北特大暴雨成因初探   总被引：13，自引：3，他引：13       下载免费PDF全文

江吉喜  项续康 《气象》1997,23(7):19-23

运用常规气象资料和卫星云图，分析了１９９６年８月３—５日河北特大暴雨的成因。认为：它是出现在东亚特定的强经向环流形势下，由９６０８号台风低压与副热带高压两侧之间形成的强偏南风低空急流，将低纬度地区高温高湿水汽源源不断地向华北输送并与近地面层弱冷空气相互作用，诱发两个中尺度云团的形成和发展直接造成的  相似文献   

“96.8”特大暴雨的中尺度对流云团特征   总被引：8，自引：1，他引：8       下载免费PDF全文

杜青文  张迎新 《气象》1997,23(10):39-43

１９９６年８月３－５日河北省的西南部地区出现了特大暴雨过程。此次特大暴雨，主要是８６０８号台风登陆后减弱为低气压西北上，副热带高压加强西进，低层从东北部有弱冷空气扩散南下，在暴雨区域形成湿斜压锋区，触发不稳定能量释放，致使台我低压北方形成３个中尺度对流云团所致。  相似文献   

一次冰雹过程人工催化的数值模拟试验          下载免费PDF全文

冯桂力  陈文选  刘文 《气象》1997,23(12):3-8

利用二维雹云模拟济南地区１９９６年７月２４日出现的一次冰雹过程，模拟结果表明对雹云２６个主要微物理过程双参数化较细致地描述对流过程的热，动力反馈和微物理特点２。根据计算结果，对该次冰雹过程进行了ＡｇＩ催化试验，结果得出在云发展初期对暖底雹云实施高浓度的冰晶催化，可起到减少地面冰雹和增加地面降水的作用。  相似文献   

澳大利亚东南部持续性降水的成因          下载免费PDF全文

何立富 《气象》1997,23(12):24-28

利用热带天气图，日本ＧＭＳ卫星云图，ＥＣＭＷＦ格点风场资料，对澳大利亚东南部持续性降水的两类主要天气过程，热带云涌－冷锋尾流气旋锋生过程和阻塞反气旋北侧回流降水过程进行了分析，从云型演变，环流形热，热带流场等方面揭示了澳大利亚东南部持续性降水天气过程的基本特征、为业务预报提供参考。  相似文献